Ukrainians arrived in Chicagoland in four distinct waves: 1900–1914, 1923–1939, 1948–1956, and 1990–2006. At the beginning of the 20th century, immigrants from Ukraine came to Chicago seeking work, and in 1905, a Ukrainian American religio-cultural community, now officially named Ukrainian Village, was formally established. Barely conscious of their ethnonational identity, Ukraine's early immigrants called themselves Rusyns (Ruthenians). Thanks to the socio-educational efforts of Eastern-rite Ukrainian Catholic and Orthodox priests, some Rusyns began calling themselves Ukrainians, developing a distinct national identity in concert with their brethren in Ukraine.
